Training a Vision Transformer from scratch in less than 24 hours with 1 GPU

Transformers have become central to recent advances in computer vision. However, training a vision Transformer (ViT) model from scratch can be resource intensive and time-consuming. In this paper, we aim to explore approaches to reduce the training costs of ViT models. We introduce some algorithmic improvements to enable training a ViT model from scratch with limited hardware (1 GPU) and time (24 hours) resources. First, we propose an efficient approach to add locality to the ViT architecture. Second, we develop a new image size curriculum learning strategy, which allows to reduce the number of patches extracted from each image at the beginning of the training. Finally, we propose a new variant of the popular ImageNet1k benchmark by adding hardware and time constraints. We evaluate our contributions on this benchmark and show they can significantly improve performances given the proposed training budget.